Device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal-combustion engines



Oct. 14, 1930.

G. ammo DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING HEAVY LIQUID FUELS TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed. Jan. 6, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 0M N RE. mwobn m m Vm T min 8 G. GIDINO DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING HEAVY LIQUID FUELS T0 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 6,1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 \N EN R GI USEPPE GioiNo baLu/Q TOR EYS ya ma 'g'a Patented Oct. 14, 1930 UNITED STTES PATENT OFFICE erosnrrn ammo, or oxronn, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR or ONE-HALF TO STEWART COLE,

or LONDON, ENGLAND DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING HEAVY LIQUID FUELS T0 INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Application filed January 6, 1930, Serial No. $18,804, and in Great Britain October 18, 1928.

The present invention relates to devices for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines such as naphtha and the like, as the source ct motive power, of the kind in which the fuel-oil and the mixture-air are admitted into a vaporizer or atomizer which is connected to the inductionmanifold of the engine and which is so varied in' cross-section, for example by imparting thereto an ovoid or like shape, as to cause the mixture of oil and air drawn Within the said vaporizer or atomizer to assume diilerent velocities duringthe course of its pastherethrough, the aspiration of the combustible mixture being' generally controlled by means of a butterfly-valve or like regu- The said invention has for its object to provide a fuel-supplyingdevice of the aforesaid character which is simple in construction and reliable in operation and by means of which the mixture of oil and air can be readily regulated as to quality and temperature and thoroughly amalgamated and disintegrated to producethe most eliicient comlaistihle mixture under varying atmospheric andother conditions.

According to this inventiomthe fuel-oil and the mixture-air are initially and independently heated by supplying the said oil and Yairto the'vaporizer or atomizer by way of separate pipes or tubes whichare passed through the exhaust-manifold oft-he engine, and the res iiective' supplies of heated oil and air are independently delivered into the'said vaporizeror atomizer so that theoil is caused to collect writhin the lower rear or inlet portion thereof and the air caused to impinge onto the oil-bath thus formed, the resultingmixture oiioil and air being thereafter caused to follow a tortuous or deflected path during, its passage through the said vaporizer oratomizer. The said invention also consists in the provision of means for regulating the quantityco'f the respective supplies of oil and air and the temperature of the latteuand for producing the requisite mation and disinte ration of the I hle mixture withinthe vaporizer or atomizer as hereinafter described and set forth in the claims.

A fuel-supplying device in accordance with the said invcntionis illustrated by Way of example in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a partly sectional elevation of the said fuel-supplying device,

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the exhoust-manifold of the engine,

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the front portion of the said fuel-supplying device, the section being taken along the line 33 n Figure 1, and I Figure 4 is a plan of the front or outlet portion of the vaporizer or atomizer.

Referring to the drawing. the oil is supplied from a tank (not shown) by way of a pipe a which passes, as seen in Figure 2, through the eXhaust-manifohl b of the on glue and which is connected at its other extremity, as shown'in Figure 3, to a floatehamher o of ordinary type which is provided with a lower inlet passage (1 controlled in the usual manner by means oi a ncedlcwalve c .The oil-pipe a. is preferably so dimensioned in diameter for the particular engine that the volumetric capacity at the section of the said pipe within the exhau.st-nuinitohil corre sponds substantially to the quantity of oil drawn by the cylimi oil the said engine in one complete working cycle. The air is sup plied from the atn'mspiun'c by way of a tube (Z which likewise passes, as seen in Figure 2, through the exhaust manifold D of the engine and which is connected at its other extremit g, as shown in l igrure l to a tubular chamber 6 secured to the rear or inlet end portion oi" the body or the \nijiorizer or atomizer e and adapted to form an extension there a of. The air-tuhe (Z, which is also dimensioned in diameter accordiiu); to the requirements of the particular engine, comprises a cut-away portion as to some court-uncut part of its surface and is provided thereat with a covering; member (Z the outer face whereof is formed with (piadrant slots or openings (Z which are adapted to communicate with the atmosphere and which are controlled by can also be normally heated without any danger of over-heating and readily regulated K the particular. conditions a corresponding upper movable quadrantplate d so that atmospheric air can be ad mitte'dinto the air-tube (Z in the requisite quantity for regulating or reducing the temperature of the supply of air should the an be at any time'unduly heated in the exhaustmanifold 7). factory results will normally be obtained by utilizing a supply of oil heatedito a temperature of L0 to degrees centigrade and a supply of air heated to a temperature of to degrees centigrade' Thus, the oil supplied to the vaporizer or atomizer can be normally heated to the requisite temperature without any ser ous risk of raising the temperatureof the oil to a degree liable to cause the formation of gas locks inthe supply-pipe and to impedethe I flow of the oil therethrough, and the supply of air passing to the vaporizer or atomizer as .to temperature to bring the combustible mixture to the appropriate temperature adapted to produce perfect combustion under A non-return Valve may, however, be provided in the section of theoil-pipe between the supply-tank and the exhaustmanifold in order to pre: vent any gases which might be produced by an abnormal over-heating of the oil from overcoming the flow of cold oil to the said exhaust-manifold and causing the engine to stop through lack of fuel. 7

The heated air, regulated as to temperature as aforesaid, is delivered into the vaporizer 'or atomizer e in the requisite quantity by means of a butterfly-valve f of the usual type which is located in the rear or inlet portion of the tubular chamber 6 communi eating with the said vaporizer oratomizer and which is controlled by the hereinafter described operating mechanism, In order, however, to obtain a greater degreeof flexiability or nicety in the regulation or control of the quality of the mixture to suit all particular conditions or requirements, an auxiliary air-tube or by-pass g is provided as shown by means of which extra air can be diverted from the air supply-tube (Z into the front or outletportion of the tubular chamber or extension e past the butterfly- ;valve fisaid auxiliary air-tube or bypass being furnished with an internal butterflyvalveorlike device 5/ whereby the quantity of extra air added to the main' air-supply delivered into the/vaporizer or atomizer can be regulated at will. The auxiliary air-tube or bypass may alternatively be so extended in length that the requisite quantity of extra air as aforesaid is diverted direct into a suitable portion of: the vaporizer or atomizer e. The fuel-oil, admitted into the fioat-cham,- here to the required level as aforesaid, flows It will be found that satis therefrom by gravity by way of a pipe a which is connected at its other extremity (Figure l) to the body of a needle-valve 7L mounted on the front or outlet portion of the tubular chamber 6 communicating with the vaporizer or atomizere, the said needle-valve being adapted to control an outlet passage 7L1 extending partly across the said tubular chamber in front of the butterfly-valve f. The needle-valve h and the butterfly-valve f are connected togetherand controlled simultaneously by means of the'abovesaid operat-. ing mechanism, which comprises a slightly curved longitudinal link L which is attached to the stem of the said needle-valve and a T shaped pivotal link k on which the said butterfly-valve is mounted, the links 70 and 70 being adjustably connected together at their other extremities by an intermediate trans verse link Z2 For this purpose, the longitudinallink 70 and the intermediate link 0 are provided at their jointed extremities as shown with a co-acting pin and hole adjustment and the pivotal link k is slotted shown as to its outer cross-portion, so that the said intermediate link can be set in various positions relatively to the said longitudinal and pivotallinks. The said mechanism also comprises another transverse link 70 which is attached tothe tubular chamber or extension 0 and connected at its other extremity to the longitudinal linkic the said links being likewise provided at their'junction as shown with a co-acting pin and hole valve h, the whole arrangement of the abovedescribed mechanism being such that, when the said butterfly-valve is opened to the exof' air intothe vaporizer or atomizer e, the said needle-valve is automatically opened to the extent adapted .to'admit the requisite quantity of oil into the outlet passage h extending as abovesaid across the tubular chamber 0 communicating with the said vaporizer or atomizer; i

'l e heated oil, regulated as to quantity as aforesaid, is delivered into the vaporizeror atomiz'er e by means of an internal closed pipe a which is connected near the inner e21 tremity thereof to-the end of the outlet pas- 7&1 within thetubular chamber or extension 6 and which is curved as shown within the lower rear or ,inl etportion of the'said vaporizer or atomizer, the lower surface of the said pipe being bored or perforated near the'outer extremity thereof as indicated at a to permit of the admission ofthe oil into the vaporizer or atomizer. The lower wall of the vaporizer or atomizere is formed with a substantially central and inwardly curved internal partition ewhich extends in front tent adapted to admit the requisite quantity llU of and above the outer portion'of the pipe a and which is adapted to retainthe sup-ply of oil delivered by. the said pipe so as to form within the lowerrear or inlet portion of the said vaporizer or atomizer an oil-bath which is thus protected or shielded from the suction of the cylinders of the engine.

The vaporizer or atomizer e is provided as to the upper rear or inlet portion thereof with an internal deflecting balile m which is so disposed and shaped as to cause the supply of air drawn past the butterfly-valve f bythe suction of the cylinders of the engine to impinge onto and mix with the oil-bath formed asabovesa id in the lower rear or inlet portion of the said vaporizer or atomizer. The vaporizer 0r atomizer e is further pro vided as to the front or'outlet portion thereof with an upper internal battle m and a lower internal bafi'le m which are so dimensioned and arranged, relatively to each other and to the lower central partition e cf the said vaporizer or atomizer, that the mixture of oil and air drawn by the induction of the engine is forced to follow a tortuous or ser pentine path within the vaporizer or atomizer and is thusprevented from passing out too rapidly therefrom. Also, as the combustible mixture is caused to impinge on the series of abuttingdeflecting surfaces consti tutedby the upper and lower walls of the "vaporizer or atomizer 'and the upper and lower internal baffles m and MP, the said mixture is therebythoroughly amalgamated and disintegrated before it passes out of the said vaporizer? or atomizer into the cylinders of the engine. 7

'ihe body of the vaporizer'or atomizer e, as bestseen inl igure e, is formed as to the front or outletportion thereof with a double iiange acontaining internal passages a and a by means of which the said vaporizer or atomizer is connected on one side to the in duction-manifoldof the engine and on the other side to the ordinary petrol carburetter which is usually brought into use for starting and warming the said engine before the heavy oil mixtureis supplied thereto.

The vaporizer 1- atomizer may be provided as to the front or outlet portion thereof with, a heat ortemperature indicating device (not shown), for example of thetype as usually aliixed to the radiator of a motorcar, in order to enable the temperature of the gaseous nnigture passing to the cylinders to be readily ascertained and maintained at the level which produces'complete combustion without undue smoke under the particular conditions. In cases where the fuel-supplying deviceis installed on a motor-vehicle, the heat or temperature indicator may be such asto be visible to the driver of the vehicle, and suitable controls may bepromded Within reach'of the said driverwherebyany requisite adplstm-ents for regulatlng the quality and temperature of the mixture as aforesaid may be conveniently made.

I claim:

1. A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines comprising in combination, a fuel-oil supply-pipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe which are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and air, a vaporizer of sub stantially ovoid formation communicating at one end with the said airsupply tube andat the other endwith the induction-manifold of the engine, means for regulating the temperature and the quantity of heated mixtureair drawn into the said vaporizer by the induction of the engine, means for regulating the quantity of heatedfuel-oil suppliedby the said pipe and for delivering the said oil into the said vaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil within the lower rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mixture-air onto the oil-bath formed therein, and means for producing a thorough amalgamation of the resulting mixture of oil and air within the said vaporizer as the said mixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine.

2. A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines comprising in combination, a fuel'oil suppl -pipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe which are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and air, said oil supply-pipe being so dimensioned in diameter that the volumetric capacity of the section thereof within the said exhaust-manifold corresponds to the quantity of oil drawn by the cylinders of the engine in one complete working cycle, a'vaporizer of substantially ovoid formation communicating at one end with the said airsupply tube and at the other end with the induction-manifold of the engine, meansfor regulating the temperature and the quantity of heated mixture-air drawn into the said vaporizer by the induction of "the engine,

means for regulating the quantity of heated fuel-oil supplied by the said pipe and for delivering the said oil into the said vaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil withinthe lower rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mixtureair onto the oilbath formed therein, and means for producing a'thorough amalgamation of the result- 'ing mixture of Oll and air within the said vaporizer as the said mixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine.

3. A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internalcombustion engines comprising in combination, a fuel-oil supply-pipe and a mixture-air supply-plpe which are passed through the eXhaust-manifold'of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and an, a quadrant-regulator mountedon the said air supply-tube and adapted to control the admission of atmospheric air therein, a vaporizer of substantially ovoid formation communicating at one endwith the said air supply-tube and at the other end With the induction-manifold ofithe; engine, means for regulating the quantity of heated mixture-air drawn into the said vaporizer by the induction of the engine, means for regulating the quantity of heated fuel-o l sup- 7 plied by the said pipe and for delivering the said oil into the said vaporizer, means'for retaining the fuel-oil Within'the lower rearportion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mixture-air onto the oil-bath formed therein, and means for producing a V thorough amalgamation of the resulting mixture of oil and air Within the said vaporizer as the said, mixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine.

a. A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines comprising in combinatioma fuel-oil supply-pipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe which are passed through the exhaustfmanifold of the engine said pipe and for delivering the said oil into the said vaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil Within theloWer rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mix ture-aironto theoil-bath formed therein, and means for producing a thorough amalgai'nation of the resulting mixture of oil and air Within the said vaporizer as the said mixtin'eis drawn therethrough by theinduction of the engine. I I w ...5.'.fi dev ce for supplying heavy liqfuid fuels to internal combustion engii'ies, com:

prising in combination, a fuel-oil supply-pipe and a 'miXture-air supply-pipecwhich are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the saidoil and air, a vaporizer of substantially ovoid formation communicating at 1 one end "with the said air-supply tube andat the other end With the induction-manifoldof the engine, means for regulating the temperature and the quantityofheated mixture-air drawn into thesaid vaporizer by the induction of the engine, an auxiliary air-tube con;

nected to the said air supply-tube and adapted. to divert extra air therefrom into thesupply of mixture-air admitted into the said vaporizer, a butterfly-valve mounted Within the said auxiliary air-tube and adapted to regulate the quantity of extra air diverted therethrough, means for regulating the quantity of heated fuel-oil supplied by the said pipe and for delivering the said oil into the said vaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil Within the lower rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mixture-air onto the oil-bath formed therein, and means for producing a thorough amalgamation of the resulting mixture of oil and airivithin the said vaporizer as the said mixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine. 1 j V 6-. A device for sup'plyingjheavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines comprising in combination, a fuel-oil supply-pipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe which are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and air, a vaporizerof substantially ovoid formation communieating at one end With the said air-supply tribe and at the other end with the induction-ma:iifold of the engine,a quadrant-regulator mounted on The said air supply-tube and adapted to con trol the admission of atmospheric air therein, a iLlblll8l;Cl'l2tlllb6I forming an extension of, the said vaporizer attached to the inletend thereof and connectedto the outlet-em tremity of the said air-supply tube. a butter fiy-valve mounted Within the said tubular chamber and adapted to control the aspiration ofthe heatedmixture-air by the induc tion. ofthe engine, an auxiliary air-tube connected to the said air-supply tubeand adapted to divert extra air therefrom into the supply of; mixture-air admitted into the said porizer, a butterfly-valve mountedwithin the said auxiliary air-tube and adapted to regulate the quantity of extra airdiverted therethrough, means for regulating the quantity of heated fuel-oilsuppjied by the said pipe and for delivering the said 011 into the said vaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil Within the lower rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mixture-air onto the oil-bath formed there1n, and means for producing a'thorough amalgamation of the resulting mixture of oil and air Within v the said vaporizer as the said mixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine.

7. y A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combust on engines comprlslng 1n ,comb1nat1on,a fueloil supplypipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe Which are passed through the eXhaust m'anifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and air, a vaporizer of sub-.

stantially ovoid formation connnunieatingv at one end with the said air supply tube and at the'other end yvith the induction-manifold impinging the mixture-air onto the oil-bath ing at one end with the said air-supply tube and at the other end with the inductionmanifold of the engine, means "for regulating the temperature and the quantity of heated mixture-air drawn into the said vaporizer by the induction of the engine, a slidable needlevalve mounted in a-body attached to the inlet-portion of the said vaporizer and connected to the outlet-extremity of the said oil supply-pipe, an internal outlet-passage "controlled by the said slidable needle-valve and extending partly across the inlet-portion of the said vaporizer, means for delivering the heated fuel-oil admitted through the said internal outlet-passage into the saidvaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil within the lower rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for impinging the mixture-air onto the oilbath formed therein, and means for producing a thorough amalgamation of the *esuhing mixture of oil and air within the said vaporizer as the saidmixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine.

9. A device'for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines comprising in combination, a fuel-oil supplyv pipe anda mixture-air supply-pipe which are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially andindependently heating the said oil and air, a vaporizer of substantially ovoid formation communicatin at one end with the said air-supply tube and at the other end with the iuduction-manh fold of theengine, a tubular chamber forming an extension of the said vaporizer attachedto the inlet-end thereofand connected to the outlet-extremity of the said air-supply tube, a butterfly-valve mounted within the said tubular chamber and adapted to control the aspiration of the heated mixture-air by the induction of the engine, a slidable needle-valve mounted in a body secured to the outlet-portion of the said tubular chamber and connected to the outlet-extremity of the said oil supply-pipe, an internal outlet-pas sage controlled by the said slidahle needlevalve and extending between the inlet-end of the said vaporizer and the said controlling butterfly-valve, an adjustable link-mechanism connecting the pivot of the said butterfly-valve and the stem of the said needle valve and adapted to actuate the said valves simultaneously to the respective extents required for supplying the proportionate quancities of mixture-air and fuel-oil to the said vaporizer, means for delivering the fuel-oil admitted through the said internal outletpassage into the said vaporizer, means for retaining the fuel-oil within the lower rearportion of the said vaporizer and for im pinging the mixture-air onto the oil-bath formed therein, and means for producing a thorough amalgamation of the resulting mixture of oil and air Within the said vaporizer as the said mixture is drawn therethrough by the induction of the engine.

10. A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines comprising in combination, a fuel-oil supply-pipe and a mixture-ail supply-pipe which are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and air, a vaporizer of substantially ovoid formation communicating at one end with the said air-supply tube and at the other end with the induction-manifold of the engine, means for regulating the temperature and the quantity of heated mixture-air drawn into the said vaporizer by the induction of the engine, a slidable needle-valve mounted in a body attached to the inlet-portion of the said vaporizer and connected to the outlet-extremity of the said oil supply-pipe, an internal outlet-passage controlledby the said slidable needle-valve and extending partly across the inlet-portion of the said vaporizer, an internal closed pipe communicating at one end with and extendiug'from the said internal outlet passage into the lower rear-portion oi" the said vaporizer and perforated at the other end for delivering the heated fuel-oil thereinto, means for retaining the fuel-oil within the lower rear-portion of the said vaporizer and for in'ipinging the mixture .ir onto the oil-bath formed therein, and me for producing a thorough amalgamation of the resulting mixture of oil and air within the said vaporizer as the said mixture is drawn therethrough by the inductionol the engine.

11. A device for supplying heavy liquid fuels to internal combustion engines c'ompris ingin combination, afuel-oil supply-pipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe which are passed ing; in combina ion, a fuel-0il supply-pipe and a mixture-air supply-pipe Which are passed through the exhaust-manifold of the engine for initially and independently heating the said oil and air, a vaporizer of substantially ovoid formation communicating at one end with the said air-supply tube and at the other end With the induction-manifold of the engine, means for regulating the temperature and the quantity of heated mixture-air drawn into the said vaporizer by the induction of the engine, means for regulating the quantity of heated fuehoil supplied by the said pipe and for delivering the said oil into the said vaporizer, an internal curved partition pr0- jecting from the lower Wall of the said vaporizer and adapted to form an oil-bath Within the lower rear-portion thereof, an internal deflecting battle located'in the upper rearportion of the said vaporizer and adapted to direct the mixture-air onto the said oil-bath, an inner internal baflie extending downwards across the upper front-portion of the said vaporizer, an outer internal baffle extending upwards across the lower front-portion of the said vaporized, said inner and outer internal baffles being); adapted to deflect the resulting; mixture of oil and air through the said vaporizer and to produce a thorough amalgamation of the combustible mixture drawn therefrom by the induction of the engine.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

GIUSEPPE GIDINO. 

